Testicles do not have the protection of muscles and bones as most of our other organs do – testicles are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, so practically they are unprotected which makes them easier to be struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, and this kind of accidents often happen during contact sports.

Of course there are athletic cups available and men can protect their testicles by wearing them during sports.
Trauma to the testicles causes severe pain, bruising, and may cause swelling. In most of the cases, the testes can absorb the shock of an injury without serious damage (except the initial pain). However there is a type of testicular trauma that is called testicular rupture. Testicular rupture can occur when the testicle receives a direct blow or is squeezed against the hard bones of the pelvis. Testicular rupture can cause blood to leak into the scrotum and in severe cases surgery is needed to repair the rupture and to save the testicle.

Testicular trauma is also known as torsion and is an environmental factor that may affect fertility. Within the scrotum, the testicles are secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. Testicular trauma or testicular torsion is a condition in which the testicle twists on the cord that attaches the testicle to the body. When the cord gets twisted around a testicle, this way a blood supply to the testicle is cutoff. This condition most often in young males less than 25 years of age and can result from an injury to the testicles or from strenuous activity. Unfortunately testicular torsion can also occur for no apparent reason. Symptoms of testicular torsion include sudden and severe pain, enlargement of the affected testicle, tenderness, and swelling, and a situation like this requires immediate medical attention.

Treatment usually involves surgical intervention which is the only way to prevent long term consequences such as permanent damage or even removal of testicle.

Research has shown that approximately 40% of men with a history of testicular torsion or testicular trauma have an abnormal semen analysis therefore make sure to seek immediate medical attention in a case of testicular torsion or any other testicular trauma which results in severe pain, but most of all an enlargement of the affected testicle, or tenderness, and swelling.

Unlike cases involving female infertility, most men do not show signs or endure any physical symptoms of infertility, but the inability to impregnate a female means something is wrong.  Some men with infertility problems may be dealing with only having one testicle which could be causing a problem.  It could be that the man was born with only one testicle or possibly experienced an accident to the genital area and has use of only one testicle.  Another reason for only having one testicle could be that one did not descend during puberty, which could be corrected by a surgical procedure.

The chances of getting pregnant with one testicle will depend on other factors such as sperm count, sperm motility and health of the testicle.  With the presence of only one testicle and not being able to get a female pregnant, a man will need to visit a fertility specialist that handles male factor infertility to determine if other underlying factors are  not also making it hard for a couple to conceive.

Male infertility issues that are not able to be addressed using natural or medical methods may need to be handled in a different manner.  For a couple that is dealing with the male only having one testicle, there are reproductive assistance methods such as IVF or IUI that could prove to be highly beneficial.  Actually retrieving the sperm and implanting it into the female uterus is just one of many different options a specialist will want to consider when dealing with a male having only one testicle.

The chances of getting pregnant with one testicle are reduced by 50%, but it should not be a reason for the couple to give up hope.  With the many revelations being made in the world of reproductive medicine, it is possible to either correct the problem or help the couple to conceive using other methods.

Varicocele is the condition that is affection 15% of male population. People knew for this condition thousand years ago and the first one to describe it was Greek physicist Celcious, who described it as „Swollen and twisted veins over the testicle, which becomes smaller than its fellow in as much as its nutrition has become defective“. To put it in simpler words Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles. Varicocel occurs when there is a blockage in spermatic vein that becomes defective and does not allow blood to flow away from the testicle. This can lead to male infertility.

In many cases there are no visible sings of Varicocele and sometimes diagnosing it might be hard thing to do. If there is no visible sings of Varicocele on the outside of scrotum then a doctor should do an ultrasounds test to have an accurate diagnosis. Almost in 90% of cases Varicocele only affects the left scrotum; however there is a possibility for both testicles to be affected. Only theory why this is happening is because there is almost 40% fewer valves in left spermatic vein and the left vein is 2 – 4 inches longer.

When Varicocele is diagnosed there are several things that might be done in order to treat it. The methods depend on the severity of Varicocele and for mild cases it can include non surgical methods but for severe cases it is usually treated with surgery. Non-surgical method is performed by inserting a small catheter in side the vein witch helps to bring a normal blood flow; this method is called angiographic embolization. Other methods like intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilization are also good options for threatens and they help with fertility. There is also a medical therapy with Clomid. For more severe cases surgery might be the only option. Surgery is the most accurate and most effective treatment for Varicocele. Varicocelectomy is a process where affected veins get tied and the blood flow gets rerouted to unaffected veins. The main result from surgical treatment is better quality of sperm and of course better pregnancy chances. The studies have showed the sperm quality improves up to 80% and pregnancy chances up to 60%.

Main thing to remember is that Varicocele is very common thing in man and the sooner it is detected the easier it would be to treat it. If any symptoms of Varicocele are noticed doctor should be visited. If left untreated Varicocele can bring severe damage to testicles.